Aust Winner 澳洲长风论坛

[張航]

工詩善畫曉樂王維
張 航/編著


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楔子：
你曾經和情人牽著手，
在寧靜的相思林裏，
為彼此的愛情詩篇，
尋覓顆顆美麗標點嗎？　　

你曾經在某個熱鬧節日，
孤獨一人，
突間憶起遠方親友的面容嗎？　　

你曾經送一個老朋友遠行，
難捨地勸他再飲一杯，
再請他多留片刻嗎？　　

你可曾想過，
在古代的唐朝，
一個工詩善畫，
通曉音樂的詩人，
竟和我們有同樣的心情與心願。　　

他就是寫下「勸君多採擷，此物最相思。」
寫下「獨在異鄉為異客，每逢佳節倍思親。」
寫下「勸君更盡一杯酒，西出陽關無故人。」的王維。


生平簡介：
王維，字摩詰，
祖籍太原祁（今山西祁縣）。
生於唐武后聖曆二年（六九九），
卒於肅宗上元二年（七六一）。 　　

王維是唐朝的詩人，
以「詩中有畫，畫中有詩」聞名。
他不僅才華出眾，
而且富有正義感。

唐玄宗的哥哥寧王李憲曾經
霸佔一個賣燒餅的妻子為妾，
可是這名女子自從進了寧王府以後就悶悶不樂，
終日不發一語。
有一次，
寧王在宴客時對該女子說：
“妳那個賣燒餅的漢子早就另娶新歡，把妳忘了。
不信的話，
我現在就派人叫他給宴會送餅來，
好讓妳死了這條心。”

一會兒，
賣燒餅的漢子端著燒餅走進宴會廳，
他的妻子見到後馬上跑了過去，
夫妻兩人相對無言、淚如雨下。
在座的人都被這情景所感動，
此時王維端起酒杯飲了一口後，
表示他要吟一首即興詩，
這首詩的題目是《息夫人》：
莫以今時寵，能忘舊日恩。
看花滿眼淚，不共楚王言。

宴席上所有賓客都知道
王維所說的息夫人，
是春秋時代息國君主的妻子。
楚王滅了息國後將她據為己有，
但她始終不曾跟楚王說過一句話。

王維這首詩分明是藉歷史故事來批評寧王。
最後寧王迫於無奈，
只好對賣燒餅的夫妻說：
“以前那些事是我手下幹的，
我一點都不清楚，
現在成全你們夫妻，
你們可以走了。”

王維早年官場得意，
交往對象都是朱門權貴，
但三十歲左右喪妻以後，
生活態度起了很大的變化，
從此終生不再娶，
三十年獨居一室，
淡漠世事，
過著亦官亦隱的生活。

佛教有一部《維摩詰經》，
是維摩詰向弟子們講學的書，
王維很敬佩維摩詰，
因此給自己取名維，字摩詰。
中晚年以後，
他更是捨宅為寺，
不但“日飯十數名僧，以玄談為樂”，
而且“退朝之後，焚香獨坐，以禪誦為事。”

因為他經常身著素樸的衣服，
吟著長齌禮佛的詩歌，
所以素有“詩佛”的美譽。
唐玄宗天寶十五年，
安祿山叛軍攻入長安，
玄宗倉皇逃往四川，
王維沒來得及逃走而被俘，
後來被迫當了安祿山的給事中，
但他的心依舊追隨唐朝，
曾作了一首凝碧宮詩：
“萬戶傷心生野煙，百官何日再朝天。
秋槐葉落空宮裏，凝碧池頭奏管弦。”

至德二年，
唐軍收復長安、洛陽，
王維被投入獄中，
隨後押往長安候審。
他當時所犯的罪按律應當處死，
甚至是要誅九族。
那時有人拿出王維的凝碧宮詩，
以證明其忠於唐朝之心。

因此唐肅宗不但沒有殺他，
還給他太子中允之職，
後來又擢升為尚書右丞，
故後世稱他為“王右丞”。

綜觀王維的一生，
經歷過開元的太平盛世，
也遭受天寶安史之亂的顛沛流離，
甚至身受拘囚，朝不保夕。
晚年時，他的人生更是發生了戲劇化的轉折：
原本該誅九族的大罪，
僅一首詩不但免了這場殺身之禍，
還被擢升為高官。
從一般人的角度上看，
生的際遇本來就是變幻莫測，
可是從佛家的角度來看，
這件事可能是王維一心向佛所得到的福報。

王維少年時就工詩善畫，
並通曉音樂，
有較高的藝術素養。 　　
王維二十三歲，中進士第，任太樂丞。
在任因伶人舞黃獅子一事受到牽連，
貶為濟州（治在今山東茌平西南）司倉參軍。

開元十二年（七二四），
裴耀濟為濟州刺史，
王維和他相處很好。
開元十四年冬裴在治理了大水災後調任，
次年春王維也回到長安。　　

返長安後，曾來往於兩京之間。
王維自己信奉南宗，
開元十七年（七二九），
曾拜南宗道光禪師為師，
這時他年約三十餘。

王維先隱居終南（在長安南稱終南），
在東都嵩山也有他隱居的地方。　　
開元二十二年（七三四）冬，
張九齡作中書令，
擢王維右拾遺。
他有【獻始興公】詩說：
「感激有公議，曲私非所求。」
表示自己任職是按照公正的標準，
而不是曲徇私人關係。 　　

開元二十四（七三六），
張九齡被貶為荊州長史，
李林甫任中書令。
李林甫排斥異己，
又寵用蕃將，
這是唐朝由盛轉衰的開始。

王維在【寄荊州張丞相】詩中也表示有退隱的意思，
說：「方將與農囿，藝植老邱園。」
但他旋即奉使出塞，
以監察御史銜參河西節度使崔希幕府，
一直到了涼州。
寫了不少意境宏闊、
氣勢雄渾的邊塞詩。

之後王維返回長安。
開元二十八年（七四○），年四十二，
又以侍御史兼殿中身分出知南選。
由漢水經襄陽。　　

天寶元年（七四二），王維四十四歲，
他的官職始終在六、七品上徘徊。
李林甫排斥張九齡所用的人，
提拔所寵苑、郭慎威等新進，
官都在王維之上。　　

天寶十一載（七五一），五十三歲，
王維官文部郎中。
天寶十三載（七五四），陞任給事中，
十四載（七五五），
安祿山反，陷東京，
六月叛軍政入長安，
王維因扈從不及，
被迫仍任原職。

王維服藥瀉痢，偽裝瘖啞，
於是被囚於長安菩提寺，
後移洛陽普施寺，
又其弟王縉願以官贖兄罪，
得以免罪，為太子中允，
久便擢陞太子中庶舍人，
又拜給事中。
乾元二年（七六○），年六十一，轉為尚書右丞。
上元二年（七六二）七月死去，卒年六十三。
























It makes Wang Wei happy dawn to well versed in painting and poetry
Zhang Hang master /document
Zhang Qing Shui /pursue


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Wedge:
You once led to set about with the lover,
In quiet lovesickness and forest,
It is a mutual love poem,
Seek beautiful punctuation marks?

You were once a certain lively festival,
A lonely person,
Dash for ward a face of recalling the relatives and friends of distant place?

You once sent an old friend off and went on a long journey,
It is difficult to advise him to drink one more cup giving up,
And then ask him to stay for a moment more?

You ever thought,
In the Tang Dynasty in ancient times,
One is well versed in painting and poetry,
Poet who understands thoroughly music,
Had the same mood and wish with us unexpectedly.

He write ' advise you pick more, this thing lovesickness most. '
Write ' a stranger in the strange land alone, on festive occasions more than ever we think of our dear ones far away. '
Write ' advise you one wine to the limit, export to the west north imprison people without reason. ' Wang Wei.

Brief introduction of one's life:
Wang Wei, the word is rubed and closelied question,
Ancestral home Taiyuan Qi ( Qi County of Shanxi of today) .
It is gone through holily for two years after being military that born in Tang ( 699) ,
Died a two years on respectful one ago ( 761) .

Wang Wei is a poet in the Tang Dynasty,
With ' poem have picture, picture have poem ' well-known.
He is not merely exceptionally gifted,
And is rich in the sense of justice.

Elder brother peaceful Wang Li once constitution of XuanZong Tang
It is a concubine to forcibly occupy a wife who sells the sesame seed cake,
But this woman is depressed since entering the peaceful palace,
Do not send one language all day.
One day,
The peaceful king says to this woman while entertaining guests at a banquet:
"That man who sold the sesame seed cake of yours had married the new sweetheart separately for a long time, had forgotten you.
Not believed,
I send someone to ask him to send cake for the banquet now,
Let you die these heart. "

For a moment,
Sell the sesame seed cake in the end of man of the sesame seed cake and come into the banquet hall,
His wife ran over at once after seeing,
Couple two people have no speech relatively, tears fall like rain.
The people present are all moved by this scene,
At this moment after Wang Wei carried the wineglass and drank,
Show he wants to chant an extempore verse,
The topic of this poem is to " stop the lady ":
Dote on when don't with today, can forget the kindness in former days.
See the flower full tears, not king Chu's speech altogether.

All guests know on the feast
What Wang Wei said stops the lady,
A wife stopping monarch's main fact in the times in spring and autumn.
King Chu takes forcible possession of her after killing the country of stopping,
But she has never told king Chu a word all the time.

This poem of Wang Wei makes use of the historical story to criticize a peaceful king clearly.
The peaceful king is under the pressure of the helplessness finally,
Have to say to the couple who sell the sesame seed cake:
"Those things were done by my subordinate in the past,
I am not clear at all,
Help you couple now,
You can go. "

Wang Wei was successful in one's official career in early years,
Target's capital is influential officials of the red-lacquered doors of wealthy homes to associate,
But after losing the wife from side to side at 30 years old,
Very great change has arisen in the life attitude,
No longer married all one's life from then on,
Lived alone in room one in 30,
Indifferent affairs of human life,
Also live officer's also latent life.

Buddhism has one department to " link and rub and closely question passing ",
Link and rub the book closelied question and given lectures to the disciples,
Wang Wei shows admiration and links and rubs closelying question very much,
Named linking for oneself, the word is rubed and closelied question.
China was after old age,
He gives up the residence as the temple especially,
Not only " day meal ten several monk, with profound to discuss for being happy ",
And " withdrew after having an audience with an emperor, burn incense and sit alone, read aloud for the thing with the deep meditation. "

Because he often wears the simple and unadorned clothes,
Chanting long gift Buddha's poem,
So has enjoyed the reputation of " poem Buddha ".
Profound days treasure is 15 years Tang,
An Lushan rebel army attacks and occupy Chang An,
Profound Zong runs away to Sichuan in a panic,
Wang Wei has not found time to escape but been captured,
Forced to act as giving the thing of An Lushan later,
But his heart still follows the Tang Dynasty,
Have done one and congealed green Gong Shi:
"The all families are sad to grow the wild smoke, the officials of all ranks and descriptions He Ri are and then towards it.
Congeal the head of green pool and is played and in charge of the string in the failed palace of leaf of the Chinese scholartree in autumn. "

Until two years of Germany,
Tang Jun recovers Chang An, Luoyang,
Wang Wei is put into the prison,
Escort and await trial to Chang An afterwards.
His crime made at that time should be put to death according to law,
Even should put to death in nine clans.
Someone took out congealing green Gong Shi of Wang Wei at that time,
In order to prove it true's the Tang Dynasty heart.

So Tang respectful one has not not only abated him,
Return a just duty to his crown prince,
Promoted for the right assistant officer of the minister again later,
So call him " the right assistant officer of a king " in later age.

Take a broad view of Wang Wei's life,
Have gone through the piping times of peace opening yuan,
Drifted from place to place messily by history of Baoan on day too,
Even experience and arrest imprisonning, in a precarious state.
In old age, drama turn happened especially in his life:
Should punish the great crime of nine clans originally,
Only a poem not only avoids a fatal disaster,
Still promoted as the high-ranking official.
Look from common people's angle,
Actually the fortune grown was changeable,
But from the point of view of Buddhist,
This may be the good fortune newspaper that Wang Wei got to Buddha wholeheartedly.

Wang Wei is well versed in painting and poetry when being juvenile,
Understand thoroughly the music,
There is higher artistic accomplishment.
Wang Wei is 23 years old, pass the highest imperial examinations, Ren Tai makes the assistant officer happy.
Let because dance yellow lion a matter, people of actor, involve,
Demote it for Jizhou ( Manage in southwest of Chiping of Shandong of today) Join the army in the department storehouse.

Opened 12 years ago ( 724) ,
Pei YaoJi is a feudal provincial in Jizhou,
It is very good that Wang Wei gets along with him.
Hold Pei transfer to after controlling the heavy floods will it be winter one years,
Wang Wei gets back to Chang An too in spring of next year.

After returning to Chang An, have come and gone between two Beijing.
Wang Wei believes in the south one by oneself,
Opened 17 years ago ( 729) ,
Have visited the mere honorific Buddhist monks in the south for the teacher,
The more than about 30th of another year at this moment.

Wang Wei lives in seclusion in the south of end first ( In the south of long Annan's title end) ,
There are places where he lives in seclusion too in the east Song Shan.
Opened 22 years ago ( 734) Winter,
A book order while doing in nine ages,
Pull out Wang Wei right to collect.
He [ Offer and begin to flourish commonly ] The poem is said:
' have public discussion gratefully, the song is too private to ask. '
Show that it is according to the just standard to hold a post by oneself,
But not Qu Xun's personal relations.

Open yuan are 24 ( 736) ,
One is demoted as the long history of Jing Zhou in nine ages,
Li Lin book order in letting just.
Li LinFu excludes outsiders,
Dote on and use luxuriantly again,
This is held and transfered to the beginning that is declined in the Tang Dynasty.

Wang Wei expresses too in the poem that there is meaning that retires,
Say: ' the side, with limiting agriculturally, the skill will plant Lao Qiu garden. '
But he presents with respect and uses filling in soon,
In order to is it resist history is it join river west section degree make Cui wish bakufu to hold in the mouth to control,
Been reaching the cool state all the time.
Have written many artistic conceptions greatly and widely,
Frontier fortress poem with forceful imposing manner.

Wang Wei's carriage return Chang An.
Opened 28 years ago ( Seven four ,Annual 42,
Appear to know the south to select by waiting upon and resisting the history and concurrently identity in the hall.
Passed Xiangyang by the river Han.

The first year of an era of it treasure ( 742) ,Wang Wei is 44 years old,
His government post wanders up and down on six, seven products all the time.
Li LinFu repels persons used in nine ages,
Is it dote on garden, careful majestic one Guo enter newly to promote,
Officers are all on Wang Wei.

Treasure is 11 years on day ( 751) ,53 years old,
Gentle department doctor of officer Wang Wei.
Treasure is 13 years on day ( 754) ,Promote to to the thing,
14 years ( 755) ,
Instead An Lushan, fall into Tokyo,
Rebel army policy enters Chang An in June,
Wang Wei because Hu never and,
Forced to still take the post as the former post.

Wang Wei is it rush down the dysentery to take medicine, it is silent and mute to disguise,
Then imprisoned in the bodhi temple of Chang An,
Move backward in Luoyang and construct the temple generally,
And its younger brother's king Jin wishes to redeem brother's crime with the officer,
Get in case that crime, just for crown prince,
Promote and give up people multitudinously in the crown prince long,
Visit to the thing again.
The universe is a two years ( Seven six ,Annual 61, transfer to a right assistant officer of a minister.
Have for two years ( 762) Die in July, the soldier is annual 63.