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婚姻的悖论——婚姻反思录


一 开场白

某君倡“宽松的婚姻”之高论，且身体力行之。他深信唯有立足于信任而非猜疑，藉宽松而非禁锢，才能保证爱情在婚姻之中仍有自由发展的空间，令婚姻优质而且坚固。此论确乎行之有效，他和他的妻子的美满婚姻一时传为佳话。

忽一日，传来惊人的消息，据说他的婚姻宣告破裂，他和他的妻子已经友好分手。于是群起而攻之、嘲之、诘之，曰∶事实胜于雄辩，“宽松”论业已破产矣！

某君答曰∶你们拿得出一种必定成功的婚姻理论吗?

然而，长夜灯下独坐，某君仍不免暗自检讨自己的婚爱经历和观念，若有所悟。以下便是他的反思的记录。


二 神圣的命名

在造出第一个人——亚当——之后，上帝所做的第一件事就是，把各种飞鸟走兽带到亚当面前，让他给它们命名。根据《旧约》的这一记载，命名便是人之为人的第一个行为，是人为自己加冕的神圣仪式，通过给世间万物命名，世界才成为人的世界。

所以，一个男人把一个女人叫做妻子，一个女人把一个男人叫做丈夫，这不仅仅是一个法律行为，而且是一个神圣行为，是在上帝面前的互相确认。唯有通过这个命名，她才成为他的“自己的女人”，他也才成为她的“自己的男人”。无此命名，不论他们如何相爱，终归不互相拥有。同样，他们的屋宇在他们互相命名为妻子和丈夫之前只是一个住处，唯有通过这个命名才成为“自己的家”。 不结婚而同居当然潇洒，但是，无其名必也无其实，至少缺少了那种今生今世共有一份命运的决心和休戚与共之感，那种走遍天涯海角仍然牵肠挂肚的惦念。

当然，有其名未必有其实。多少男女顶着夫妻的名义，却同床异梦，并不觉得找到了今生今世真正属于自己的女人或男人。也有曾经相爱甚笃的夫妻，一方做出了负心的事，使另一方发出痛楚的呼喊∶“他(她)不是我的自己的男人(女人)了！”

结婚是神圣的命名。是否在教堂里举行婚礼，这并不重要。苍天之下，命名永是神圣的仪式。“妻子”的含义就是“自己的女人”，“丈夫”的含义就是“自己的男人”，对此命名当知敬畏。没有终身相爱的决心，不可妄称夫妻。有此决心，一旦结为夫妻，不可轻易伤害自己的女人和自己的男人，使这神圣的命名蒙羞。


三 婚姻是难事

性遵循快乐原则，爱情遵循理想原则，婚姻遵循现实原则。这是三个不同的东西，彼此之间常常还发生着冲突。婚姻的困难在于，如何能在自身中把三者统一起来。

婚姻当然包含性，它是社会所公认的性满足的合法形式和主要方式。但是，作为一种纯粹的生理欲望，性欲本身又具有盲目性。不必是配偶，不必是情侣，两个健康男女之间的作爱都能给当事人带来快乐。而且，性的快乐常常取决于双方性的癖好和习性的协调，其协调的程度未必与爱情成正比，更未必与婚姻相一致。由于长年的重复，夫妇之间的性生活还可能因为缺少新奇的刺激而减少其兴味。因此，对于已婚者来说，婚外性关系始终是一种潜在的诱惑，并对婚姻构成潜在的威胁。

好的婚姻是爱情的结果，有情人结为眷属也表明了终身相爱的决心。但是，结婚意味着在一起过日子，而过日子总是很琐碎也很平凡的。把平凡的日子过得始终不乏浪漫的情趣，这并非不可能，但殊为不易。何况结婚不能也不该杜绝新的邂逅，移情别恋的可能是始终存在的。

看看周围，无爱的婚姻，性冷淡的夫妇，事实上都为数不少。许多婚姻之所以能够延续，只是基于现实利益的一种妥协或无奈。那么，婚姻、爱情、性三者的持久完满的统一不可能吗?我相信是可能的。其前提当然是，婚姻在爱和性和谐方面本来就有较好的质量。在此前提下，也许关键在于，如何怀着对这个好婚姻的珍惜之心，来克服一般婚姻都会产生的倦怠，在婚姻之中(而不是到婚姻之外)不断更新爱情的理想和性的快乐。到婚外寻找新的刺激当然简便得多，但是，世上的捷径往往只通向事物的表面，要达于核心就必须作出持久不懈的努力。在两性之间，发生肉体关系是容易的，发生爱情便很难，而最难的便是使一个好婚姻经受住岁月的考验。


四 珍惜便是缘

人们常把有情人终成眷属说成有缘，一旦反目离异呢，便说是缘份已尽。缘的长短，最难预料。相爱者谁不自许已经从茫茫人海中找到了自己的“另一半”，从此永结百年之好了呢?可是，世事无常，风云变幻，多少终成眷属的有情人未曾料到，有朝一日他们之间会发生感情危机，甚至于度不过难关，只好挥泪诀别。

世上婚配，形形色色，真正基于爱情的结合并不太多，因而弥足珍贵。然而，偏偏愈是基于爱情的结合，比起那些以传统伦理和实际利益为基础的婚姻来，愈有其脆弱之处。所谓佳偶难久，人们眼中的天作之合往往不能白头偕老，这差不多是古老而常新的故事了。究其原因，也许是因为人的内在的感情要比外在的规范和利益更加难以捉摸，更加不易把握，爱情是比世俗的婚姻纽带更易变的东西。以爱情为婚姻的唯一依据，在逻辑上便意味着爱情高于婚姻，因此，一方面，如果既有的爱情出现瑕疵，婚姻便成问题，另一方面，一旦新的爱情产生，婚姻便当让位。事实上，凡是在婚姻中把爱情看得比一切都重要的人，在感情问题上往往比较敏感，既容易互相挑剔，也容易动情别恋。他们爱起来惊天动地，可歌可泣，同时也风起云涌，乍喜乍悲。假如他们足够幸运，又足够成熟，因而能够足够长久地相爱，那么，他们倒也能做到情深意笃，琴瑟和谐，成就一段美满姻缘。然而，千万不要大意，潜在的危险始终存在着，真正以爱情为基础的婚姻永远不会大功告成，一劳永逸，再好的姻缘也不可能获得终身保险。

我的意思是说，我们当然不能也不该对爱情可能发生的变化严加防范，但是也大可不必为它创造条件。红尘中人，诱惑在所难免，而每个当事人对于自己所面临的究竟是不可抵御的更强烈的爱情，还是一般的风流韵事，心里大致是清楚的。我的劝告是，如果是后者，而你又很看重(不看重则另当别论)既有的婚爱，就请你三思而不要行了。这对你也许是一种损失，但你因此避免了更惨重的损失。如果是前者，我就无需说什么了，因为说了也没有用。

爱情是人生的珍宝，当我们用婚姻这只船运载爱情的珍宝时，我们的使命是尽量绕开暗礁，躲开风浪，安全到达目的地。谁若故意迎着风浪上，固然可以获得冒险的乐趣，但也说明了他(她)对船中的珍宝并不爱惜。好姻缘是要靠珍惜之心来保护的，珍惜便是缘，缘在珍惜中，珍惜之心亡则缘尽。

人的心是世上最矛盾的东西，它有时很野，想到处飞，但它最平凡最深邃的需要却是一个憩息地，那就是另一颗心。倘若你终于找到了这另一颗心，当知珍惜，切勿伤害它。历尽人间沧桑，遍阅各色理论，我发现自己到头来信奉的仍是古典的爱情范式∶真正的爱情必是忠贞专一的。惦着一个人并且被这个人惦着，心便有了着落，这样活着多么踏实。与这种相依为命的伴侣之情相比，一切风流韵事都显得何其虚飘。


五 结束语

以上是某君的婚姻反思的记录。读毕这个记录，一位小姐问道∶“先生因一己的遭遇，便由开放一变而为保守，岂不大谬?”

某君答曰∶“人皆因受挫而对爱情失望，视婚姻为畏途，我独一如既往热情地为婚爱辩护，何保守之有?”

小姐问道∶“难道先生仍想结婚?”

某君答曰∶“诚然。婚姻的好坏，不可以成败论之。好婚姻也是可能失败的。我期望得到一个终于成功的好婚姻。”

小姐慨然叹道∶“先生真保守矣，老矣！”

某君笑而不答。

[BpgacD16]

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