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Incoterms are the International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade terms as published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). They provide a set of rules for the interpretation of the most common trade terms used in international trade in order to deal with the differing interpretations and understandings that exist in various countries and trades.

This overview is provided as a guide only. If you need to know more about Incoterms you should visit the International Chamber of Commerce Web Site at www.iccwbo.org.

When a seller and buyer wish to cite Incoterms as applying to the contract of sale, it is important to cite the term used, title and date applicable as there have been numerous amendments, eg: FOB Incoterms 2000.

Regardless of the Incoterms in use, the seller must supply the goods as agreed in the contract of sale, together with such evidence of conformity as may be required by the contract. Regardless of the Incoterms in use, the buyer must take receipt and pay for the goods delivered, as provided in the contract.

Incoterms 2000 are presented in four groups, to which we have added a further table detailing some other trading terms and variations (click on the required Group for fast access):


Group E - Departure (Table 1 - shown together with Group F)
The seller makes the goods available to the buyer at the seller's own premises
EXW: Ex Works

Group F - Main carriage unpaid (Table 1 - shown together with Group E)
The seller delivers the goods to a carrier appointed by the buyer
FCA: Free Carrier
FAS: Free Alongside Ship
FOB: Free Onboard Ship

Group C - Main carriage paid (Table 2)
The seller has to contract for carriage but without assuming the risk of loss of or damage to the goods or additional costs due to events occurring after shipment and dispatch.
CFR: Cost & Freight
CIF: Cost, Insurance & Freight
CPT: Carriage Paid To
CIP: Carriage & Insurance Paid To

Group D - Arrival (Table 3)
The seller has to bear all costs and risks need to bring the goods to the country of destination.
DAF: Deliver At Frontier
DES: Delivered Ex Ship
DEQ: Delivered Ex Quay
DDU: Delivered Duty Unpaid
DDP: Delivered Duty Paid

Other Trading Terms & Variations (Table 4)
EXF: Ex Factory
PAF: Packed At Factory
FOB: as used in USA domestic trade
FOT: Free On Truck
FOR: Free On Rail
C&F: Cost & Freight
DIS: Delivered Into Store
FIS: Free into Store
Door To Door
Free Domicile
In reading the tables you should have regard to the following notes:
* The payment of the forwarder's fees is sometimes controversial, depending on the contract of sale.
** Risk of loss or damage is transferred from seller to buyer when goods have been delivered to the carrier.
*** Responsibility may be either the buyer or seller.

[沈晓霞]

I can't see it very clear... My english is not good but I know the chinese about Incoterms...